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There are several characteristics that rocks must have for petroleum to develop within them. First, the rock must be porous-full of holes. Hydrocarbons can only form in pores. The rock must also be permeable, allowing the oil to penetrate the rock. These porous holes must be interconnected, allowing the hydrocarbons to freely move through them (Colorado University). Common examples of these rocks are reef limestone, dolomite, and sandstone (GNU). Finally, there needs to be an impermeable layer of the rock to collect and trap the oil. Examples of the impermeable layer are shale in sandstone, and limestone in dolomite and reef limestone (The Origin).
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